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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Fatty liver is one of the most pervasive liver diseases worldwide. Probiotics play an important role in the progression of liver disease, but their effects on host...
Fatty liver is one of the most pervasive liver diseases worldwide. Probiotics play an important role in the progression of liver disease, but their effects on host regulation are poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of lactobacillus gasseri () against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced fatty liver injury using a zebrafish larvae model. Liver pathology, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation were evaluated to demonstrate the changes in a spectrum of hepatic injury. Moreover, multiple indexes on host gene expression profiles were comprehensively characterized by RNA screening. The results showed that treatment with ameliorated HCD-induced morphological and histological alterations, lipid regulations, oxidative stress and macrophage aggregation in the liver of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, the enrichment of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway revealed that the core pathways of regulation were interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway, the regulation of lipolysis and adipocytes and fatty acid elongation and estrogen signaling. The genes at key junction nodes, hsp90aa1.1, kyat3, hsd17b7, irs2a, myl9b, ptgs2b, cdk21 and papss2a were significantly regulated by administration. To conclude, the current research extends our understanding of the protective effects of against fatty liver and provides potential therapeutic options for fatty liver treatment.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Diet; Fatty Liver; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lipids; Liver; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Probiotics; Transcriptome; Zebrafish; Diet, High-Fat; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Larva
PubMed: 36768377
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032053 -
Nutrients Feb 2023Aging-related gut microbiota dysbiosis initiates gut inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis, which induce the occurrence of psychiatric disorders including dementia. The...
Aging-related gut microbiota dysbiosis initiates gut inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis, which induce the occurrence of psychiatric disorders including dementia. The alleviation of gut microbiota dysbiosis by probiotics is suggested to be able to alleviate psychiatric disorders including cognitive impairment (CI). Therefore, to understand how probiotics could alleviate CI, we examined the effects of anti-inflammatory NK109 and its supplement (NS, mixture of NK109 and soybean embryo ethanol extract) on cognitive function in aged (Ag), 5XFAD transgenic (Tg), or mildly cognition-impaired adult fecal microbiota (MCF)-transplanted mice. Oral administration of NK109 or NS decreased CI-like behaviors in Ag mice. Their treatments suppressed TNF-α and p16 expression and NF-κB-activated cell populations in the hippocampus and colon, while BDNF expression was induced. Moreover, they partially shifted the β-diversity of gut microbiota in Ag mice to those of young mice: they decreased Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Helicobacteriaceae populations and increased Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae populations. Oral administration of NK109 or NS also reduced CI-like behaviors in Tg mice. Their treatments induced BDNF expression in the hippocampus, decreased hippocampal TNF-α and Aβ expression and hippocampal and colonic NF-κB-activated cell populations. NK109 and NS partially shifted the β-diversity of gut microbiota in Tg mice: they decreased Muribaculaceae and Rhodospiraceae populations and increased Helicobacteriaceae population. Oral administration of NK109 or NS decreased MCF transplantation-induced CI-like behaviors in mice. NK109 and NS increased hippocampal BDNF expression, while hippocampal and colonic TNF-α expression and NF-κB-activated cell populations decreased. These findings suggest that dementia can fluctuate the gut microbiota composition and NK109 and its supplement NS can alleviate CI with systemic inflammation by inducing BDNF expression and suppressing NF-κB activation and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; NF-kappa B; Lactobacillus gasseri; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Cognitive Dysfunction; Mice, Transgenic; Inflammation; Dementia; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 36771498
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030790 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022The gut microbiota exerts a variety of positive effects on the intestinal homeostasis, including the production of beneficial molecules, control of the epithelial...
The gut microbiota exerts a variety of positive effects on the intestinal homeostasis, including the production of beneficial molecules, control of the epithelial barrier integrity and the regulation of the balance between host's cell death and proliferation. The interactions between commensal bacteria and intestinal cells are still under-investigated and is then of paramount importance to address such interactions at the molecular and cellular levels. We report an in vitro analysis of the effects of molecules secreted by Lactobacillus gasseri SF1183 on HCT116 cells, selected as a model of intestinal epithelial cells. SF1183 is a L. gasseri strain isolated from an ileal biopsy of a human healthy volunteer, able to prevent colitis symptoms in vivo. Expanding previous findings, we show that bioactive molecules secreted by SF1183 reduce the proliferation of HCT116 cells in a reversible manner determining a variation in cell cycle markers (p21WAF, p53, cyclin D1) and resulting in the protection of HCT116 cells from TNF-alfa induced apoptosis, an effect potentially relevant for the protection of the epithelial barrier integrity and reconstitution of tissue homeostasis. Consistently, SF1183 secreted molecules increase the recruitment of occludin, a major component of TJ, at the cell-cell contacts, suggesting a reinforcement of the barrier function.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus gasseri; Intestines; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 36424419
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24483-0 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Oct 2023Allergic inflammation refers to a hyperimmune reaction that causes hypersensitivity responses such as hives, itchiness, runny nose, and cough due to specific allergens....
Allergic inflammation refers to a hyperimmune reaction that causes hypersensitivity responses such as hives, itchiness, runny nose, and cough due to specific allergens. Allergic diseases are known to be influenced by the diversity and distribution of intestinal microbiota, and Lactobacill is known to relieve allergic symptoms by modulating cytokines secreted by T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri MG4247 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4272, MG4577, and MG4657 on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins associated with allergic symptoms in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and RBL-2H3 mast cells, as well as their probiotic properties. MG4247, MG4272, and MG4577 significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, and markedly decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels and STAT6 phosphorylation in DNP-IgE/HSA sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells. Furthermore, MG4247, MG4272, and MG4577 tolerated the acidic condition with pepsin and basic condition with bile salt, and showed a high adhesion rate (≥ 73.9%). In safety evaluation, MG4247, MG4272, and MG4577 showed no hemolytic or bile salt hydrolase activity and no cytotoxicity to HT-29 cells (≥ 96.7%). Hence, MG4272, MG4272, and MG4577 can be used as candidate probiotic strains to relieve cytokines associated with allergic inflammation.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Immunoglobulin E; Hypersensitivity; Cytokines; Interleukin-6; Inflammation; Animals
PubMed: 35639267
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09950-4 -
Microorganisms Mar 2017Excessive intake of purine-rich foods elevates serum levels of uric acid. Animal and fish meats contain high amounts of inosine and its related purines, and the...
Excessive intake of purine-rich foods elevates serum levels of uric acid. Animal and fish meats contain high amounts of inosine and its related purines, and the reduction of taking those purines is crucial for the improvement of serum uric acid levels. We previously showed that Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) incorporates adenosine and its related purines and that oral treatment with PA-3 reduced adenosine absorption in rats. This study investigated whether PA-3 also incorporates IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate), inosine, and hypoxanthine, and whether it reduces their absorption in rats. PA-3 was incubated in vitro with radioisotope (RI)-labeled IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine, and the incorporation of these compounds by PA-3 was evaluated. In addition, rats were orally administered PA-3 along with RI-labeled inosine 5'-monophosphate, inosine, or hypoxanthine, and the ability of PA-3 to attenuate the absorption of these purines was determined. PA-3 incorporated all three purines and displayed greater proliferation in the presence than in the absence of these purines. Oral administration of PA-3 to rats reduced the absorption of IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine. These results indicate that PA-3 reduces the absorption of purines contained in foods and it is expected that PA-3 contributes attenuation of the excessive intake of dietary purines.
PubMed: 28282902
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5010010 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2020colonization is important to maintain urogenital flora stability and prevent pathogenic infection. Different species have distinct properties and effects on the...
colonization is important to maintain urogenital flora stability and prevent pathogenic infection. Different species have distinct properties and effects on the urogenital flora. To select probiotics that colonize the vagina and provide protection against pathogenic infection, we evaluated the adhesion of five strains and their inhibitory effects on the adhesion of pathogens to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs). (1) adhesion experiments: VK2/E6E7 and primary VECs were used to evaluate the adhesion of two and three strains. The adhesion of these five strains was compared. (2) Adhesion inhibition experiments: The inhibitory effects of the five strains on the adhesion of pathogens (, and ) were evaluated by adhesion exclusion, displacement, and competition experiments. (1) adhesion was stronger in the primary VECs than in the VK2/E6E7 VECs ( < 0.05). The adhesion of the three strains was stronger than that of the two strains ( < 0.05). 4# showed the strongest adhesion. (2) The exclusion, displacement, and competition experiments showed that all five strains significantly inhibited the adhesion of the seven pathogenic strains to the VECs ( < 0.05). The displacement effect was stronger than the exclusion and competition effects of each strain. (3) The results of the exclusion, displacement, and competition experiments indicated that 1# showed the strongest adhesion inhibition of and . 3# showed the strongest adhesion inhibition of , whereas 4# showed the strongest adhesion inhibition of , and . The source of the VECs might not affect the selection of the most adhesive strain. showed stronger VEC adhesion than . The degree of antagonism of the strains toward the different pathogens varied. This result provides incentives for personalized clinical treatment.
PubMed: 32637420
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00284 -
PloS One 2018A total of 22 Lactobacillus strains, which were isolated from infant feces were evaluated for their probiotic potential along with resistance to low pH and bile salts....
A total of 22 Lactobacillus strains, which were isolated from infant feces were evaluated for their probiotic potential along with resistance to low pH and bile salts. Eight isolates (L. reuteri 3M02 and 3M03, L. gasseri 4M13, 4R22, 5R01, 5R02, and 5R13, and L. rhamnosus 4B15) with high tolerance to acid and bile salts, and ability to adhere to the intestine were screened from 22 strains. Further, functional properties of 8 Lactobacillus strains, such as anti-oxidation, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammation were evaluated. The properties were strain-specific. Particularly, two strains of L. rhamnosus, 4B15 (4B15) and L. gasseri 4M13 (4M13) showed considerably higher anti-oxidation, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, and cholesterol-lowering, and greater inhibition of nitric oxide production than other strains. Moreover, the two selected strains substantially inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 stimulated the treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with LPS. In addition, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 4B15 and 4M13 indicated them as novel genomic strains. These results suggested that 4B15 and 4M13 showed the highest probiotic potential and have an impact on immune health by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cholesterol; Feces; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Models, Biological; Probiotics; alpha-Galactosidase
PubMed: 29444150
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192021 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021is an opportunistic pathogen that causes mucosal gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis tightly associated with gut inflammatory status. The emergence of drug resistance,...
is an opportunistic pathogen that causes mucosal gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis tightly associated with gut inflammatory status. The emergence of drug resistance, the side effects of currently available antifungals and the high frequency of recurrent candidiasis indicate that new and improved therapeutics are needed. Probiotics have been suggested as a useful alternative for the management of candidiasis. We demonstrated that oral administration of LA806 alone or combined with LA401 in -infected mice decrease the colonization of the oesophageal and GI tract, highlighting a protective role for these strains in colonization. Interestingly, the probiotic combination significantly modulates the composition of gut microbiota towards a protective profile and consequently dampens inflammatory and oxidative status in the colon. Moreover, we showed that LA401 and/or LA806 orient macrophages towards a fungicidal phenotype characterized by a C-type lectin receptors signature composed of Dectin-1 and Mannose receptor. Our findings suggest that the use of the LA401 and LA806 combination might be a promising strategy to manage GI candidiasis and the inflammation it causes by inducing the intrinsic antifungal activities of macrophages. Thus, the probiotic combination is a good candidate for managing GI candidiasis by inducing fungicidal functions in macrophages while preserving the GI integrity by modulating the microbiota and inflammation.
PubMed: 33467443
DOI: 10.3390/jof7010057 -
Microorganisms May 2021is one of the most likely probiotic candidates among many species. Although bile salt resistance has been defined as an important criterion for selection of probiotic...
is one of the most likely probiotic candidates among many species. Although bile salt resistance has been defined as an important criterion for selection of probiotic candidates since it allows probiotic bacteria to survive in the gut, both its capability and its related enzyme, bile salt hydrolase (BSH), in is still largely unknown. Here, we report that the well-known probiotic bacterium JCM1131 possesses BSH activity and bile salt resistance capability. Indeed, this strain apparently showed BSH activity on the plate assay and highly tolerated the primary bile salts and even taurine-conjugated secondary bile salt. We further isolated a putative BSH enzyme (LagBSH) from strain JCM1131 and characterized the enzymatic function. The purified LagBSH protein exhibited quite high deconjugation activity for taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. The gene was constitutively expressed in strain JCM1131, suggesting that LagBSH likely contributes to bile salt resistance of the strain and may be associated with survival capability of strain JCM1131 within the human intestine by bile detoxification. Thus, this study first demonstrated the bile salt resistance and its responsible enzyme (BSH) activity in strain JCM1131, which further supports the importance of the typical lactic acid bacterium as probiotics.
PubMed: 34066735
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051011 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022, a protozoan parasite specific to the human genital tract, is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens. Its pathogenicity is strongly associated with its...
Adherent Bacteria and Parasiticidal Secretion Products of Human Cervicovaginal Microbiota-Associated Confer Non-Identical Cell Protection against -Induced Cell Detachment.
, a protozoan parasite specific to the human genital tract, is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens. Its pathogenicity is strongly associated with its expression of a broad array of proteases triggering cytotoxic effects in host epithelial cells. Vaginal microbiota-associated , including those of in particular, can counteract pathogenesis, but the mechanisms involved have yet to be clarified. strain G3 ( G3) cytotoxicity was assessed by examining cell morphology, cell detachment, and fluorescent labeling of the F-actin cytoskeleton and immunolabeling of vinculin-position focal adhesions (FAs) by confocal laser scanning electron microscopy on confluent cervicovaginal epithelial HeLa cell monolayers. The inhibitory effects of bacterial cells and secreted products of ATCC 9857 and KS 120.1 on the G3 viability and parasite deleterious effects on HeLa cells were investigated. Pre-adhering cells delayed but did not inhibit G3-induced cell detachment, F-actin cytoskeleton disorganization and the disappearance of vinculin-positive focal FAs. KS 120.1 secretion products had a rapid parasiticide activity by killing time- and concentration-dependent G3 parasites after direct contact. By killing G3 parasites already associated with the epithelial cells, secretion products have abolished parasite-induced cell detachment. Our findings suggest that vagina microbiota-associated creates a physical barrier and exerts pharmacological-type mechanisms to counteract the deleterious cytotoxic effects of
PubMed: 36355522
DOI: 10.3390/ph15111350